科学可能还没有给我们一瓶青春之泉(还没有!),但它已经证明,有规律的运动可以帮助你活得更长,更健康。2015年的一项研究发现,在60多岁和70多岁的男性中,每周锻炼6天,每次30分钟,死亡率降低了近40%。在2013年澳大利亚的一项研究中,经常锻炼的人患心血管疾病的风险降低了33%至50%,死亡率也显著降低。虽然大多数研究主要集中在心血管运动,但在锻炼中增加力量训练将有助于你在那些额外的岁月里生活得更好。所有这些练习在日常生活中都有应用——把它们作为一个单独的练习,或者选择一些融入你现有的日常生活中。
10个基本的锻炼动作来延长你的生命
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瑞秋格赖斯
Rachel Grice是livestrong网站的高级健身编辑和认证瑜伽教练(RYT-200)。她在南加州大学(University of Southern California)完成了本科教育,曾在《男性健康》(Men's Health)、《健康怀孕》(FitPregnancy)和《人物》(People)杂志工作。
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科学可能还没有给我们一瓶青春之泉(还没有!),但它已经证明,有规律的运动可以帮助你活得更长,更健康。2015年的一项研究发现,在60多岁和70多岁的男性中,每周锻炼6天,每次30分钟,死亡率降低了近40%。在2013年澳大利亚的一项研究中,经常锻炼的人患心血管疾病的风险降低了33%至50%,死亡率也显著降低。虽然大多数研究主要集中在心血管运动,但在锻炼中增加力量训练将有助于你在那些额外的岁月里生活得更好。所有这些练习在日常生活中都有应用——把它们作为一个单独的练习,或者选择一些融入你现有的日常生活中。
寿命评估
美国运动管理协会认证的私人教练、矫正运动专家罗宾·吉莱斯皮说:“衰老的影响之一是肌肉质量和活动范围的丧失,这可能导致功能下降。”“每天的活动,比如爬楼梯或从车里拿出一袋袋食品杂货,可能会变得富有挑战性和令人疲惫。”To see where you stand, try this simple test developed by Brazilian physician Claudio Gil Araujo. In his 2011 study published in the European Journal of Preventative Cardiology, every point you get decreases your mortality risk by 21 percent. HOW TO DO IT: Start standing and lower yourself into a seated position on the floor without leaning on anything for support. Now stand back up without using your hands, knees, forearms or sides of your legs for help. You start out with 10 points, but then subtract one point for every assist you need. Aim for a score of eight or above.
美国运动管理协会认证的私人教练、矫正运动专家罗宾·吉莱斯皮说:“衰老的影响之一是肌肉质量和活动范围的丧失,这可能导致功能下降。”“每天的活动,比如爬楼梯或从车里拿出一袋袋食品杂货,可能会变得富有挑战性和令人疲惫。”To see where you stand, try this simple test developed by Brazilian physician Claudio Gil Araujo. In his 2011 study published in the European Journal of Preventative Cardiology, every point you get decreases your mortality risk by 21 percent. HOW TO DO IT: Start standing and lower yourself into a seated position on the floor without leaning on anything for support. Now stand back up without using your hands, knees, forearms or sides of your legs for help. You start out with 10 points, but then subtract one point for every assist you need. Aim for a score of eight or above.
1.板材
“随着年龄的增长,你的核心变得越来越弱,平板支撑是锻炼核心力量的最佳方式,同时又不会对下背部造成压力,”美国国家体育协会认证的私人教练、加州谢尔曼橡树沙箱健身(Sandbox Fitness)的所有者米纳·赫斯科维茨(Minna Herskowitz)说。另外,如果标准的平板支撑对你来说太简单了,你可以通过脚趾前后摇晃或者一次用一只脚或一只手保持平衡来增加难度。怎么做:从你的膝盖开始,双手放在肩膀下面。用手和脚压住身体,使整个身体悬浮在地面上。你应该感觉像是在俯卧撑的顶端。确保你的身体从脚跟到脖子都保持正确的直线。保持30到45秒,重复做三组。
“随着年龄的增长,你的核心变得越来越弱,平板支撑是锻炼核心力量的最佳方式,同时又不会对下背部造成压力,”美国国家体育协会认证的私人教练、加州谢尔曼橡树沙箱健身(Sandbox Fitness)的所有者米纳·赫斯科维茨(Minna Herskowitz)说。另外,如果标准的平板支撑对你来说太简单了,你可以通过脚趾前后摇晃或者一次用一只脚或一只手保持平衡来增加难度。怎么做:从你的膝盖开始,双手放在肩膀下面。用手和脚压住身体,使整个身体悬浮在地面上。你应该感觉像是在俯卧撑的顶端。确保你的身体从脚跟到脖子都保持正确的直线。保持30到45秒,重复做三组。
2.Glute桥
格吕特桥是一种极好的低强度运动,几乎任何人都可以做,无论年龄。私人教练米纳·赫斯科维茨说:“你需要基本的滑步和腿筋力量才能走路,所以这项运动将帮助你随着年龄的增长而行走。”另外,如果你的膝盖不好,这个练习是完美的,因为它可以加强支撑膝关节的肌肉。如何做:仰卧,双腿弯曲,膝盖指向天花板,双脚离臀部几英寸远。把你的手放在你的身边以获得支持。压进你的脚跟和手臂,慢慢抬起你的背部和臀大肌,注意不要让你的下背部拱起。再放低,直到你离地面一英寸的地方。如果你想尝试单腿桥,每条腿做10次,但只做两组。
格吕特桥是一种极好的低强度运动,几乎任何人都可以做,无论年龄。私人教练米纳·赫斯科维茨说:“你需要基本的滑步和腿筋力量才能走路,所以这项运动将帮助你随着年龄的增长而行走。”另外,如果你的膝盖不好,这个练习是完美的,因为它可以加强支撑膝关节的肌肉。如何做:仰卧,双腿弯曲,膝盖指向天花板,双脚离臀部几英寸远。把你的手放在你的身边以获得支持。压进你的脚跟和手臂,慢慢抬起你的背部和臀大肌,注意不要让你的下背部拱起。再放低,直到你离地面一英寸的地方。如果你想尝试单腿桥,每条腿做10次,但只做两组。
3.体重蹲
不可否认,蹲坐是每一种锻炼的重要组成部分。他们的目标是你下半身的每一块主要肌肉,并有一些日常应用。私人教练米纳·赫斯科维茨(Minna Herskowitz)说:“它们对基本的上下运动很有帮助,比如把自己放到椅子上,然后站起来。”“你需要四轴飞行器来保持平衡。没有四头肌,你就不能正常行走或站立很长时间而不使膝盖疲劳。”HOW TO DO IT: Start standing with your feet hip-width apart and turned slightly outward. Hinge slightly at your hips and bend your knees as you lower your glutes toward the floor as if you were sitting back into a chair. Raise your arms out in front of you at chest level for balance. Lower your arms back down to your side as you stand up. Do as many reps as you can with good form in 60 seconds. Work on increasing that number as you get stronger.
相关:20个最好的体重锻炼
不可否认,蹲坐是每一种锻炼的重要组成部分。他们的目标是你下半身的每一块主要肌肉,并有一些日常应用。私人教练米纳·赫斯科维茨(Minna Herskowitz)说:“它们对基本的上下运动很有帮助,比如把自己放到椅子上,然后站起来。”“你需要四轴飞行器来保持平衡。没有四头肌,你就不能正常行走或站立很长时间而不使膝盖疲劳。”HOW TO DO IT: Start standing with your feet hip-width apart and turned slightly outward. Hinge slightly at your hips and bend your knees as you lower your glutes toward the floor as if you were sitting back into a chair. Raise your arms out in front of you at chest level for balance. Lower your arms back down to your side as you stand up. Do as many reps as you can with good form in 60 seconds. Work on increasing that number as you get stronger.
相关:20个最好的体重锻炼
4.单臂站立式头顶压机
为了帮助你的肩膀在日常活动中保持强壮,比如从柜子的最上面的架子上拿东西或者把椅子举过头顶移动它,这个练习是必要的。尽管任何一种头顶上的按压都会增强和稳定你的肩关节,但2011年《欧洲应用生理学杂志》(European Journal of Applied Physiology)的一项研究发现,单手头顶上的站立按压也会增加你的腹部和斜肌。如何做:先站起来,一只手拿一个哑铃,将它举到与肩同高的位置,手掌朝外。不要弯曲你的膝盖来获得动力,用你的肩膀和手臂的力量将重量直接举过你的头。慢慢地将重心放回与肩同高的位置,有控制地重复这个动作。每边各做10次,做两组。
相关:终极海军海豹突击队训练
为了帮助你的肩膀在日常活动中保持强壮,比如从柜子的最上面的架子上拿东西或者把椅子举过头顶移动它,这个练习是必要的。尽管任何一种头顶上的按压都会增强和稳定你的肩关节,但2011年《欧洲应用生理学杂志》(European Journal of Applied Physiology)的一项研究发现,单手头顶上的站立按压也会增加你的腹部和斜肌。如何做:先站起来,一只手拿一个哑铃,将它举到与肩同高的位置,手掌朝外。不要弯曲你的膝盖来获得动力,用你的肩膀和手臂的力量将重量直接举过你的头。慢慢地将重心放回与肩同高的位置,有控制地重复这个动作。每边各做10次,做两组。
相关:终极海军海豹突击队训练
5.单臂农民的携带
“这种锻炼可以帮你提杂货、购物袋和行李,”acsm认证的私人教练、Halse Strength and Fitness的老板亨利·哈尔斯(Henry Halse)说。你不仅需要手臂的力量来举起哑铃或壶铃,你还需要你的腹部和斜向力量来保持躯干不扭曲或弯曲到有重量的一侧。如何做:开始站着,一只手拿着哑铃或壶铃。保持你的核心肌肉紧绷,肩膀向后拉,背部挺直,从房间的一边走到另一边,放下你的体重,再重复两次。
“这种锻炼可以帮你提杂货、购物袋和行李,”acsm认证的私人教练、Halse Strength and Fitness的老板亨利·哈尔斯(Henry Halse)说。你不仅需要手臂的力量来举起哑铃或壶铃,你还需要你的腹部和斜向力量来保持躯干不扭曲或弯曲到有重量的一侧。如何做:开始站着,一只手拿着哑铃或壶铃。保持你的核心肌肉紧绷,肩膀向后拉,背部挺直,从房间的一边走到另一边,放下你的体重,再重复两次。
6.土耳其的打扮
即使这是一个高级的动作,如果你是一个初学者,你可以在没有任何重量的情况下做这个练习,以获得对这种形式的感觉。“土耳其式站姿基本上是一种站起来的艺术,”私人教练亨利·哈尔斯(Henry Halse)说。“对老年人来说,摔倒是非常危险的,因为有时他们站不起来寻求帮助。”Adding just one of these to your routine will train your body how to respond in case of a fall. HOW TO DO IT: Lie on your back with a dumbbell or kettlebell in your right hand with the arm outstretched and held over your shoulder. Bend your right knee so that your foot is near your glutes. Push the weight directly over you as you brace your body with your left hand. Swing your left leg underneath you as you come to a kneeling lunge. Still keeping the weight directly over you, push off the ground and stand up. Reverse the motion to lower yourself back to the start. Start out with just one rep to get the feel for it. You can gradually increase to two to three sets of three to five reps.
相关:41种最难的腹部运动
即使这是一个高级的动作,如果你是一个初学者,你可以在没有任何重量的情况下做这个练习,以获得对这种形式的感觉。“土耳其式站姿基本上是一种站起来的艺术,”私人教练亨利·哈尔斯(Henry Halse)说。“对老年人来说,摔倒是非常危险的,因为有时他们站不起来寻求帮助。”Adding just one of these to your routine will train your body how to respond in case of a fall. HOW TO DO IT: Lie on your back with a dumbbell or kettlebell in your right hand with the arm outstretched and held over your shoulder. Bend your right knee so that your foot is near your glutes. Push the weight directly over you as you brace your body with your left hand. Swing your left leg underneath you as you come to a kneeling lunge. Still keeping the weight directly over you, push off the ground and stand up. Reverse the motion to lower yourself back to the start. Start out with just one rep to get the feel for it. You can gradually increase to two to three sets of three to five reps.
相关:41种最难的腹部运动
7.罢工俯卧撑
俯卧撑在日常生活中有很多功能性的应用,但是退场俯卧撑增加了协调和平衡的额外元素。私人教练米纳·赫斯科维茨(Minna Herskowitz)说,这种锻炼锻炼上半身的力量,可以帮助你在搬运、带孩子、搬东西,甚至搬家具时发挥作用。方法:站立时双脚与肩同宽。身体前倾,双手放在地上。双手向前走,直到你处于平板支撑的位置。做一个标准的俯卧撑,把你的胸部放低到地上,然后再向上推到平板上。把你的手放回你的脚上,然后再站起来。在60秒内以良好的状态尽可能多地重复上述动作。
俯卧撑在日常生活中有很多功能性的应用,但是退场俯卧撑增加了协调和平衡的额外元素。私人教练米纳·赫斯科维茨(Minna Herskowitz)说,这种锻炼锻炼上半身的力量,可以帮助你在搬运、带孩子、搬东西,甚至搬家具时发挥作用。方法:站立时双脚与肩同宽。身体前倾,双手放在地上。双手向前走,直到你处于平板支撑的位置。做一个标准的俯卧撑,把你的胸部放低到地上,然后再向上推到平板上。把你的手放回你的脚上,然后再站起来。在60秒内以良好的状态尽可能多地重复上述动作。
8.位行
当谈到保持你的背部健康和强壮随着你的年龄,你可以做的最好的运动之一是划船。“加强你的上背部对姿势非常重要,”私人教练Minna Herskowitz说。“随着年龄的增长,你的脊柱会收缩,人们往往会身体前倾。这个练习将帮助你保持直立,防止你的姿势走出窗外。”Just be sure to keep your back flat during this bent-over variation. Or you can swap it out in favor of an upright-row machine (if you have access to one). HOW TO DO IT: With a barbell in your hands, hinge forward at your hips so that your back is parallel to the floor. Let your arms hang in front of your chest, then, using your upper-back muscles, pull the bar toward your chest while keeping your arms close to the sides of your body. Slowly lower the bar back down and repeat for three sets of eight to 12 reps.
当谈到保持你的背部健康和强壮随着你的年龄,你可以做的最好的运动之一是划船。“加强你的上背部对姿势非常重要,”私人教练Minna Herskowitz说。“随着年龄的增长,你的脊柱会收缩,人们往往会身体前倾。这个练习将帮助你保持直立,防止你的姿势走出窗外。”Just be sure to keep your back flat during this bent-over variation. Or you can swap it out in favor of an upright-row machine (if you have access to one). HOW TO DO IT: With a barbell in your hands, hinge forward at your hips so that your back is parallel to the floor. Let your arms hang in front of your chest, then, using your upper-back muscles, pull the bar toward your chest while keeping your arms close to the sides of your body. Slowly lower the bar back down and repeat for three sets of eight to 12 reps.
9.硬举
“在我看来,硬举是功能性锻炼之王,”私人教练亨利·哈尔斯(Henry Halse)说。“一天中有多少次你不得不弯腰去捡东西?”This incredibly functional exercise targets your hamstrings and glutes and teaches your body how to correctly pick up something heavy (i.e., not with your back). HOW TO DO IT: Stand with feet hip-width apart, feet pointing forward and a loaded (or unloaded, depending on your strength) barbell several inches in front of you. Keeping your back straight, bend your knees and grab the bar. Without arching or straining your back, press through your heels, contract your glutes and stand up. The barbell should hang at your thighs. Lower the barbell down to the ground with control, remembering to not round your back as you do. Perform three sets of five reps. If you can do more than five reps, Halse says, it's time to increase the weight.
相关:16个必要的混合健身动作
“在我看来,硬举是功能性锻炼之王,”私人教练亨利·哈尔斯(Henry Halse)说。“一天中有多少次你不得不弯腰去捡东西?”This incredibly functional exercise targets your hamstrings and glutes and teaches your body how to correctly pick up something heavy (i.e., not with your back). HOW TO DO IT: Stand with feet hip-width apart, feet pointing forward and a loaded (or unloaded, depending on your strength) barbell several inches in front of you. Keeping your back straight, bend your knees and grab the bar. Without arching or straining your back, press through your heels, contract your glutes and stand up. The barbell should hang at your thighs. Lower the barbell down to the ground with control, remembering to not round your back as you do. Perform three sets of five reps. If you can do more than five reps, Halse says, it's time to increase the weight.
相关:16个必要的混合健身动作
10.爬楼梯
这种额外的锻炼远远超出了你的锻炼范围。虽然你可以在健身房使用楼梯管理器,或者找一套很好的户外楼梯作为有氧训练的一部分,为什么不把它们也纳入你的日常活动中呢?“每天爬楼梯的次数比你必须爬的次数多五倍,”私人教练亨利·哈尔斯说。“编造上楼的理由。”Don't have access to stairs? Try running in place with high knees or jumping rope. HOW TO DO IT: If you're at the gym or working out outdoors, try for at least 15 minutes of going up and down stairs, resting at the bottom if you need to. Remember to keep good posture and to be quick and light on your feet. Watch your speed going down, and keep your lower half under control. You can use your arms for a little momentum, but they shouldn't be swinging wildly front to back. In your everyday life, try to always favor the stairs over escalators or elevators to up your daily calorie burn and tone your lower body at the same time.
相关:12次锻炼来改善你的心情
这种额外的锻炼远远超出了你的锻炼范围。虽然你可以在健身房使用楼梯管理器,或者找一套很好的户外楼梯作为有氧训练的一部分,为什么不把它们也纳入你的日常活动中呢?“每天爬楼梯的次数比你必须爬的次数多五倍,”私人教练亨利·哈尔斯说。“编造上楼的理由。”Don't have access to stairs? Try running in place with high knees or jumping rope. HOW TO DO IT: If you're at the gym or working out outdoors, try for at least 15 minutes of going up and down stairs, resting at the bottom if you need to. Remember to keep good posture and to be quick and light on your feet. Watch your speed going down, and keep your lower half under control. You can use your arms for a little momentum, but they shouldn't be swinging wildly front to back. In your everyday life, try to always favor the stairs over escalators or elevators to up your daily calorie burn and tone your lower body at the same time.
相关:12次锻炼来改善你的心情
放松和伸展
锻炼后做什么和锻炼前和锻炼中做什么对你的肌肉和恢复同样重要。私人教练罗宾·吉莱斯皮(Robin Gillespie)说:“通过动态拉伸来降温。”“穿过房间,将膝盖向身体靠拢,伸展臀部。”She also recommends this stretch/exercise: Walk laterally across the length of the room, stepping out wide and bringing your arms up to shoulder level. Then reach across your body toward your foot before stepping your feet back together. Make sure to "walk" this way in both directions, then finish your cooldown with static stretches for the hamstrings, quads and hips, she says.
锻炼后做什么和锻炼前和锻炼中做什么对你的肌肉和恢复同样重要。私人教练罗宾·吉莱斯皮(Robin Gillespie)说:“通过动态拉伸来降温。”“穿过房间,将膝盖向身体靠拢,伸展臀部。”She also recommends this stretch/exercise: Walk laterally across the length of the room, stepping out wide and bringing your arms up to shoulder level. Then reach across your body toward your foot before stepping your feet back together. Make sure to "walk" this way in both directions, then finish your cooldown with static stretches for the hamstrings, quads and hips, she says.
你觉得怎么样?
当你锻炼时,你是更注重眼前的利益还是长期的利益?在现实生活中,你最喜欢的练习是什么?你做过幻灯片上列出的练习吗?当你开始做的时候,你注意到了什么结果?在下面的评论部分分享你的想法、建议和问题!
相关:长寿人士的12个人生秘密
当你锻炼时,你是更注重眼前的利益还是长期的利益?在现实生活中,你最喜欢的练习是什么?你做过幻灯片上列出的练习吗?当你开始做的时候,你注意到了什么结果?在下面的评论部分分享你的想法、建议和问题!
相关:长寿人士的12个人生秘密