鱼油和亚麻油提供大量的必需脂肪酸。鱼油含有二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),它们可直接用于生成健康细胞膜和减少炎症等功能。亚麻籽油含有-亚麻酸——ALA——你的身体可以将其转化为EPA和DHA。亚麻籽油和鱼油在降低胆固醇方面的相对优势是一个不断展开的研究和广泛兴趣的故事。
炎
根据《心血管研究》杂志2009年2月号发表的一项研究,鱼油能减少炎症,比亚麻籽油显示出更强的保护心脏的作用。In the study on laboratory animals, diets containing 0.7 percent, 2.3 percent or 7 percent fish oil or flaxseed oil produced improved heart function in the left ventricle of the heart, which pumps blood out to the body, and decreased levels of some markers of inflammation. Fish oil also increased production of the anti-inflammatory hormone adiponectin.
总胆固醇
在一项比较亚麻籽油、橄榄油、鱼油和大豆油的研究中,鱼油比其他油产生更低的总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯。亚麻籽油产生的白细胞活性较低,这被认为与动脉斑块的形成有关。这项对实验室动物的研究发表在2010年6月的《巴西动物学报》上。
动脉粥样硬化
根据2010年7月发表在《脂质研究杂志》上的一项研究,鱼油比亚麻籽油更能预防动脉粥样硬化。In the study on laboratory animals, diets containing two levels of flaxseed or fish oil for 16 weeks resulted in lower LDL cholesterol levels in the fish oil group than the flaxseed group. While both oils lowered levels of certain plaque-causing compounds, fish oil was as much as 23 percent more efficient.
效率
根据2010年9月发表在《油脂》杂志上的一项研究,要想获得亚麻油对心脏的保护作用,你必须摄入比鱼油多33.5倍的亚麻油。In the study on laboratory animals, diets containing 2.5 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent or 25 percent flaxseed oil were compared with diets containing 1 percent, 2.5 percent, 5 percent fish oil. While 100 mg of alpha linolenic acid from flaxseed produced 0.7 percent EPA and DHA in the heart, 100 mg of EPA and DHA from fish oil resulted in 24 percent EPA and DHA concentration in heart tissue. The researchers concluded that flaxseed has less protective effect on cardiovascular health than does fish oil.
甘油三酯
马里兰大学医学中心大学建议降低甘油三酯,但警告说,鱼油可能导致HDL和LDL胆固醇水平略有上升用鱼油。与降低胆固醇的能力发酵大米的一种形式 - - 鱼油已经与红曲米被成功地结合,以类似地降低胆固醇水平到一个标准的他汀类药物。相反,亚麻籽油不得降低LDL水平或甘油三酯水平,并多在亚麻籽油显示结果相互矛盾的研究。