12种危险化学品日常产品，以避免

Potentially toxic chemicals exist in the air we breathe, food we eat and products we use on a daily basis. Some of these chemicals are more dangerous than others, and some only pose a threat in large amounts or after years of exposure. It's not always easy to know for sure what's safe and what to avoid. Read on to learn about 12 of the potentially dangerous chemicals you may come into contact with on a regular basis in common household products. Our hope is that the information in the next 12 slides will help you to make informed decisions about the foods and products that you choose to include in your home.

Bisphenol A, or BPA, found in plastic bottles and lining of food cans, poses a concern primarily because exposure is so widespread. Pregnant women and children are especially at risk, as the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) notes that animal studies have shown negative effects in newborns and fetuses after exposure. A 2005 Japanese study published in Oxford University Press journal, Human Reproduction concluded that recurrent miscarriage was associated with BPA exposure. Toxicologist Dr. Patricia Rosen also reports that BPA has potential health effects on behavior as well as the brain and the prostate gland. Although Rosen says that the low levels of BPA that occur in some foods have been deemed safe, she recommends taking precautions to avoid exposure, including limiting consumption of canned foods and avoiding heating foods in plastic containers, as heating causes BPA to leach into the food product. Because of this risk, many plastic bottles and cans are now labeled as BPA-free, so can keep an eye out for them and aim to choose those. The NIEHS also recommends storing foods in glass, porcelain or stainless steel containers and using baby bottles that are BPA-free. The institute also notes, "Some, but not all, plastics that are marked with recycle codes 3 or 7 may be made with BPA." Avoid them.

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二恶英是当家庭和工业废物焚烧产生的环境化学物质。他们也存在于土壤，地表水和植物和动物组织。主接触二恶英在人类通过污染的食物 - 通常是动物产品，因为化学积聚在脂肪组织中。“问题是，这是一种内分泌干扰物。这是什么意思是，它会发生变化，潜在的雌激素和孕激素的作用在我们的身体，引起某些癌症的风险增加，”罗森说。“因此，像乳腺癌，这是非常激素依赖性，将有一个增加的速度。”世界卫生组织指出，由于减排努力，二恶英大多数人的水平是通过动物产品暴露在已经减弱，但谁打算怀孕，孕妇或那些应该采取额外措施，以避免二恶英：“A平衡膳食（包括适量的水果，蔬菜和谷物）将有助于避免从单一来源过度曝光。”罗森建议，大多数消费者通过减少动物产品的摄入量限制他们的二恶英暴露尽可能。

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Although fish is a healthy source of omega-3 fatty acids in the human diet, overconsumption can cause problems, especially when the fish is a variety high in the mineral mercury. In high amounts, as it is found in some species of fish such as shark, tilefish, swordfish and king mackerel, mercury can be poisonous. The risk is especially high for young children, and pregnant women should be careful about their fish intake to prevent problems in developing fetuses, reports American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics spokesperson and registered dietitian Heather Mangieri. "I don't think it's fair to scare the public and say 'we need to completely avoid these,'" Mangieri says--; however, she suggests consumers, especially pregnant women and children, avoid consuming high-mercury fish and instead choose lower mercury options such as salmon, BPA-free cans of chunk light tuna and catfish.

Read more:5 Dangerous Fish and 3 Safer Seafood Choices

如果你仍然使用老抓破了,nonstick pan, you might want to consider throwing it out. Perfluorinated chemicals, or PFCs, are used in the manufacture of nonstick cookware, and they could be detrimental to your health. The Environmental Protection Agency reports that PFCs have been shown to be toxic in animal studies, exerting negative reproductive, developmental and systemic effects. According to American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics spokesperson and registered dietitian Heather Mangieri, the risk really occurs when the pans are heated too high or when they become scratched. "You want to avoid heating those pans on super high heat, and never heat an empty pan," she says. "Another thing is to make sure you use a wooden or a silicone utensil, because PFCs can be dislodged in that nonstick coating when it gets scratched."

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Drinking water is a major source of atrazine, one of the most common pesticides used to control weeds in the cultivation of corn, sorghum and sugarcane. Although the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets limits on how much can be present in the water supply, toxicologist Rosen says it's difficult to regulate without very rigid controls. In fact, the Pesticide Action Network reports that the U.S. Department of Agriculture found atrazine in 94 percent of the water it tested and that the levels of the chemical can rise above the legal limit in some parts of the country, resulting in "alarming levels of human exposure." Rosen explains: "The problems that it causes are an increased risk for cancer as well as increased cardiovascular risks. In a major city where you have monitoring of your water source, you should be fine." According to Rosen, if you're unsure, you should contact your local agency.

When you're making a choice between organic and conventional on your next visit to the grocery store, you'll want to take into consideration organophosphates -- one of the most common and most toxic pesticides used in agriculture -- and their potential dangers, especially if you have young children. According to the Environmental Working Group, more than 1 million children under the age of 6 consume an unsafe amount of organophosphates each day, and for infants, commercial baby food is the major source of unhealthy amounts of the chemical. High intakes of organophosphates are linked to increased incidence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, and they may also have harmful effects on reproductive function. The best thing you can do for your family is choose organic products. If cost is an issue, American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics spokesperson and registered dietitian Heather Mangieri, recommends rinsing produce thoroughly before eating it.

Read more:20 Foods to ALWAYS Buy Organic – Even if You're on a Budget!

Glycol ethers appear on product labels as any of several variations on the root name, including diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Although not a hard-and-fast rule, ingredients with long names you can't pronounce are usually best avoided, and this is no exception where glycol ethers are concerned. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, glycol ethers are most commonly found in cleaning products, liquid soaps and cosmetics, where they are used as solvents. Acute exposure to these chemicals can result in necrosis, pulmonary edema and serious kidney and liver damage. Long-term exposure can cause fatigue, nausea, anemia, tremors and anorexia. Although the chemicals pose the biggest threat to people who work with them in an industrial setting, household use still places you at risk. Osteopathic physician and fellow of the American College of Nutrition Dr. Joseph Mercola cautions consumers to avoid purchasing products that list any of the glycol ethers as ingredients. Glycol ethers are used in products like paints, gum, perfume, dyes, liquid soaps and cosmetics, so be sure to check the label.

用于增加塑料的柔韧性，也可以作为溶剂，邻苯二甲酸酯在数百种产品，包括塑料容器，乙烯地板和衣物，牙刷，化妆品，护肤液，驱虫剂和塑料玩具中发现。根据毒理学帕特里夏·罗森博士，邻苯二甲酸盐是内分泌干扰物，这意味着他们模仿或抑制雄性和雌性激素在体内，可导致癌症，特别是激素敏感的癌症样乳腺癌。“问题是，这些化学物质是如此的普遍，”罗森说。人类接触邻苯二甲酸酯在空气中，通过受污染的食物和饮料的摄入，并通过皮肤吸收。为了保护自己免受潜在危险，零乳腺癌组织建议仅使用微波安全的，不含邻苯二甲酸酯的塑料容器在微波炉中加热食物时，保鲜膜，标记选择玩具和牙刷“不含邻苯二甲酸酯”和避免PVC和个人护理产品的成分中邻苯二甲酸酯的名单。

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无论是人为的和自然发生的，高氯酸盐是生产火箭燃料和可干扰甲状腺功能，影响胎儿和新生儿的生长和中枢神经系统的发育炸药使用广泛的污染物。在土壤，地表水和地下水中发现，其对人体健康的潜在威胁，因为它污染我们的饮用水。据国家科学院国家研究委员会2005年的报告，高氯酸盐已经在大量的超过11亿人的饮用水供应发现。毒理学帕特里夏·罗森博士说，然而，高氯酸盐是不是由环境保护署规定的供水问题。“如果你有一个良好的水源，你应该确定，”她说。如果你不知道，你可以联系当地政府了解您的供水系统是如何监控。

Found in unregulated water supplies and in low levels in rice, arsenic -- a naturally occurring mineral element -- can cause skin problems, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, stomach pain, paralysis, blindness and numbness of the extremities if it's ingested in large amounts. Because the Environmental Protection Agency has set limits on the amount that can be found in drinking water, people who get their water from a regulated supply face less potential risk. Rice, however, poses a bigger concern, says ConsumerReports.org, which tested more than 200 samples of a variety of rice products and found measurable amounts of both inorganic and organic arsenic. Those findings show a greater need for government regulation of the amount of the contaminant allowed in food. In the meantime, American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics spokesperson and registered dietitian Heather Mangieri, recommends that consumers limit their intake of rice products, eating a varied, balanced diet to avoid excessive intake of any one type of contaminant.

Read more:Rice and 17 Other Foods With a "Bad" Rap That Are Actually Good for You

Found in household products such as upholstered furniture, mattresses, carpet padding, electronics and in the foam of kids' products such as car seats, changing tables, nap mats and nursing pillows, fire retardants are meant to keep you safe, but they could be doing more harm than good. According to the Environmental Working Group, the contaminants leach out of products and adhere to children's hands and other items they may put in their mouths. Even low exposure during development could cause reproductive damage and issues with behavior, memory, hearing, learning and motor skills in children. "Of most concern is this material called tris, a potential carcinogen," says toxicologist Dr. Patricia Rosen. The Environmental Working Group also cites polybrominated diphenyl ethers as being among the most toxic fire retardants and recommends avoiding contact with all fire retardants as much as possible until the government steps up its regulation standards.

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如果你住在老房子里,你应该知道of the effects of lead poisoning, especially if you have young children. Before 1978, most residential paint was lead-based, and even though it wasn't sold after that, the Environmental Services Department (ESD) of San Diego reports that more than 38 million homes in America still have lead-based paint. The California Department of Public Health reports that even exposure to low levels of lead can cause high blood pressure, compromised brain and kidney function and increased risk of miscarriage. In children, lead can cause developmental and behavioral problems, premature birth, low birth weight and learning difficulties. Lead dust created during the normal wear and tear of lead-based paint surfaces produces the most common source of poisoning, reports San Diego's ESD. Protect your family by having your paint inspected and removed, replaced or otherwise treated by qualified professionals.

您是否担心您接触这些化学物质和产品？为什么或者为什么不？是否有特别的化学品或产品，你看出来，避免？在下面留言，让我们知道。

Read more:11 Banned Food Ingredients Still Allowed in the U.S.