外科医生不断寻找改善手术的方法。多年来，全膝关节置换变为较少的侵入性和改善恢复时间。一种新的风格totalknee replacement surgery正在出现不会取代任何韧带。传统的手术替代四个膝盖韧带中的一个或两个。

提示

根据您所拥有的手术类型，可以删除膝盖中的两个或更少的四个韧带。

Knee Joint Ligaments

The knee works like the hinge of a door. Your big thigh bone, called the femur, meet the smaller shin bone, called the tibia, at the knee joint. The femur sits in the tibia and glides smoothly if the knee is working normally. While there is some twisting of the knee as you move, it's mostly a unidirectional joint.

Other than bones and cartilage, your knee has ligaments to hold it in place. Ligaments are tough, thick bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone. They're different from tendons, which connect muscle to bone. Ligaments have to be incredibly stiff to keep your knee intact.

Medial Collateral Ligament

膝盖中的四只韧带中的每一个都是一个重要的工作。膝盖的左侧和右侧是侧支韧带。内侧辅助韧带（MCL）沿着膝盖内侧延伸。它防止你的膝盖屈曲朝向身体的中心。

侧侧肩韧带

横向侧侧韧带沿着膝盖外面延伸并防止它过于遥远。没有MCL或LCL，膝盖会摇晃，特别是如果你做了一方面的切割运动。值得庆幸的是，MCL和LCL都不在A期间删除total knee replacement surgery。

阅读更多：完全膝关节置换后刚度的原因是什么？

However, on rare occasions, the MCL can be damaged during surgery. A 2017 study published in药物说这是一个罕见的事件，所以没有必要担心。如果发生这种情况，外科医生可以修理你的MCL，你的膝盖可能只是略微影响。

前十字架韧带

The cruciate ligaments are the ligaments you need to be aware of if you're getting a膝盖总关节造形术。您的前十字架韧带，也称为ACL，是最着名的。当他们突然停止或切成一侧或另一侧时，许多运动员会伤害这种韧带。

从顶部跑到顶部，胫骨底部到底部，股骨外的部分，ACL以一定角度连接两个骨头。它主要用于阻止你的胫骨从你的股骨下面滑了出来。这就是为什么当他们猛烈地停止时，许多运动员伤害韧带。

它also prevents the knee from bending too far forward or backwards, according to an article from the密苏里大学 - 哥伦比亚。随着后曲韧带以及后缘，ACL将膝盖保持在弯曲和伸直时。你可以说他们都充当了膝关节的指南。

后十字架韧带

后曲韧带从股骨头到股骨的底部抬起膝盖的背部。这很短但非常强壮，并且没有像ACL一样受伤。由于它在膝盖的后部，PCL可以防止膝盖过于过度响。它还可以防止你的胫骨sliding backwards当你的膝盖弯曲。

总膝关节替换程序

During a total knee replacement, the top of your shin bone and bottom of your femur are resurfaced with plastic or metal parts, according to an article from霍普金斯医学。Knee replacements are made toreduce painthat you can get from degeneration of the joint.

软骨可能会磨损，导致膝盖骨头接触。当你的骨头一起摩擦时，它们慢慢损坏并导致更多的痛苦。将光滑的金属表面放在骨骼上或用光滑的塑料更换一部分可以摆脱膝盖疼痛。

阅读更多：全膝关节置换和肌肉力量的影响

Posterior-Stabilized Design

根据您拥有的手术类型，可以删除ACL和PCL。这被称为一个后稳定设计根据一篇文章的说法OrthoInfo.。Since the PCL is removed, the new device has to have its own way of preventing hyperextension of the knee.

为了防止这种情况，新膝盖必须有一个锁定机制，防止它移动得太远。后稳定的设计具有自己的锁定机构，这可以防止它延伸太远。它还防止股骨在胫骨上滑动。

Cruciate-Retaining Design

Another design, thecruciate-retaining design，让您保留您的PCL但删除您的ACL。该设备具有内置凹槽，其中PCL可以舒适地坐。这个设计将有效如果你的pcl足够健康to keep stabilizing your knee joint.

靠近静电设计

只有一种类型的全膝关节替换让您可以保留ACL和PCL。它被称为靠近静电设计because you get to keep both ligaments. The point of this style of knee replacement is to keep the movement of your knee feeling as natural as possible. However, the procedure is still relatively new and is still being perfected.

2016年的研究美国骨科杂志shows that the bicruciate design is better for patient satisfaction. However, doctors admit that the surgery is more difficult than a more traditional approach. A study published in 2018 in the关节塑化术杂志confirms that patients are happier with the bicruciate-retaining design than designs that remove one or more ligaments.

A 2018 paper published inOrthopaedic Proceedings解释说，由于使用的假肢脱落，因此双手保留设计最初不起作用。但是，文章说，有新的和改进的设计更有前途。

Unicompartmental Implant

There is an option for knee replacements that doesn't require replacing the entire knee. It's called aunicompartmental implant，它只取代膝盖的部件损坏或磨损。因此，手术不太侵入性，并且不需要删除韧带。但是，如果您需要全膝关节替换，这不是一个选项。